Table 3 Heterogeneity analysis by subgroup analysis and meta-regression for prognostic nutritional index as an acute kidney injury prediction marker
Variables | Subgroups (number of studies) | Sensitivity (95% CI) | Specificity (95% CI) | Positive LR (95% CI) | Negative LR (95% CI) | Diagnostic odds ratio (95% CI) | RDOR (95% CI)#; p value# |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population | Surgical (6) | 0.55* (0.40–0.70) | 0.77 (0.74–0.86) | 2.36 (1.44–3.87) | 0.58* (0.43–0.79) | 4.13 (1.92–8.92) | 0.63 (0.28–1.42); 0.27 |
Medical (10; 11 cohort) | 0.72* (0.64–0.79) | 0.73 (0.64–0.80) | 2.54 (2.06–3.12) | 0.40* (0.32–0.50) | 6.46 (4.47–9.33) |  | |
Procedure | PCI (6) | 0.72 (0.61–0.80) | 0.70 (0.59–0.80) | 2.42 (1.84–3.19) | 0.42 (0.31–0.56) | 5.91 (3.52–9.91) | 1.12 (0.49–2.32); 0.79 |
Other (10; 11 cohort) | 0.63 (0.52–0.73) | 0.77 (0.68–0.84) | 2.55 (1.84–3.55) | 0.48 (0.37–0.63) | 5.32 (3.12–8.96) |  | |
CKD | Including CKD (7; 8 cohort) | 0.56** (0.43–0.67) | 0.75 (0.65–0.84) | 2.12 (1.55–2.88) | 0.61** (0.49–0.76) | 3.50 (2.15–5.62) | 0.44 (0.22–0.88); 0.02 |
Excluding CKD (9) | 0.75** (0.67–0.81) | 0.74 (0.64–0.82) | 2.81 (2.12–3.72) | 0.36** (0.29–0.46) | 7.92 (5.15–12.18) |  | |
Serum albumin## | Alb < 3.5 g/L (5) | 0.68 (0.52–0.80) | 0.79 (0.67–0.87) | 2.84 (2.26–3.57) | 0.42 (0.28–0.36) | 7.19 (4.60–11.23) | 1.52 (0.58–3.97); 0.39 |
Alb ≥ 3.5 g/L (10) | 0.64 (0.52–0.74) | 0.73 (0.63–0.81) | 2.31 (1.67–3.21) | 0.50 (0.39–0.64) | 4.68 (2.74–8.00) |  | |
AKI criteria | KDIGO (7; 8 cohort) | 0.63 (0.49–0.76) | 0.77 (0.69–0.83) | 2.49 (2.05–3.03) | 0.4 (0.34–0.64) | 5.45 (3.45–8.62) | 0.98 (0.44–2.22); 0.39 |
Other (9) | 0.69 (0.61–0.77) | 0.72 (0.60–0.81) | 2.46 (1.73–3.50) | 0.45 (0.35–0.59) | 5.58 (3.16–9.88) |  |