Table 1 Baseline characteristics of all participants before V-V ECMO initiation
From: Chest CT findings in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring V-V ECMO: J-CARVE registry
|  | All patients (n = 582) | Survived (n = 407) | Died (n = 175) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 60.0 (50.0–68.0) | 58.0 (49.0–66.0) | 65.0 (57.0–70.0) |  < 0.001 |
Sex, male, n (%) | 439 (75.4) | 312 (76.7) | 127 (72.6) | 0.30 |
BMI, kg/m2a | 25.7 (22.5–30.1) | 26.0 (22.8–30.6) | 25.0 (21.5–28.3) | 0.012 |
Past medical history | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Hypertension, n (%) | 227 (39.0) | 158 (38.8) | 69 (39.4) | 0.89 |
 Diabetes, n (%) | 182 (31.3) | 139 (34.2) | 43 (24.6) | 0.021 |
 Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 48 (8.3) | 32 (7.9) | 16 (9.1) | 0.61 |
 Obstructive lung disease, n (%) | 82 (14.1) | 55 (13.5) | 27 (15.4) | 0.55 |
 Interstitial lung disease, n (%) | 23 (4.0) | 13 (3.2) | 10 (5.7) | 0.16 |
 Chronic heart failure, n (%) | 33 (5.7) | 20 (4.9) | 13 (7.4) | 0.24 |
Duration between MV and ECMO initiation, days | 2.0 (1.0–4.0) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.0 (1.0–7.0) |  < 0.001 |
Primary etiology for ARDS, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.18 |
 Pulmonary | 544 (93.5) | 382 (93.4) | 162 (92.6) |  |
 Bacterial pneumonia | 99 (17.0) | 69 (17.0) | 30 (17.1) |  |
 Viral pneumonia | 312 (53.6) | 229 (56.3) | 83 (47.4) |  |
 Other pneumonia | 133 (22.9) | 84 (20.6) | 49 (28.0) |  |
Extrapulmonary | 38 (6.5) | 25 (6.1) | 13 (7.4) | Â |
SOFA score at ECMO initiation | 10.0 (7.0–13.0) | 9.0 (7.0–12.0) | 12.0 (8.0–14.0) |  < 0.001 |
P/F ratio before ECMO initiationb | 89.1 ± 37.0 | 89.3 ± 37.9 | 88.6 ± 34.9 | 0.82 |
pH before ECMO initiationc | 7.30 ± 0.13 | 7.30 ± 0.13 | 7.29 ± 0.14 | 0.41 |
Mechanical ventilation settings before ECMO initiation | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Mechanical ventilator mode |  |  |  | 0.76 |
  Pressure control, n (%) | 534 (91.8) | 376 (92.4) | 158 (90.3) |  |
  Volume control, n (%) | 33 (5.7) | 21 (5.2) | 12 (6.9) |  |
 PEEP, cmH2Od | 12.1 ± 3.9 | 12.1 ± 3.9 | 12.0 ± 3.9 | 0.87 |
 Dynamic driving pressure, cmH2Oe | 16.5 ± 6.9 | 16.4 ± 6.9 | 16.7 ± 7.0 | 0.68 |
Murray Lung Injury Scoref | 3.25 (2.75–3.50) | 3.25 (2.75–3.50) | 3.25 (2.75–3.50) | 0.19 |
Static lung compliance, mL/cmH2Og | 29.2 ± 15.9 | 29.4 ± 16.2 | 28.9 ± 15.4 | 0.76 |
Use of neuromuscular blockers before ECMO support, n (%) | 242 (41.6) | 165 (40.5) | 77 (44.0) | 0.44 |
Prone positioning before ECMO support, n (%) | 94 (16.2) | 64 (15.7) | 30 (17.1) | 0.67 |