Limitation of life sustaining measures in neurocritical care: sex, timing, and advance directive

Table 5 LLST characteristics depending on presence of an AD

	No AD	AD	p
	202 (60.3)	133 (39.7)
Timing (early vs. late)
Late	148 (73.3)	69 (51.9)	< 0.001
Degree (withdraw vs. withhold)
Withdraw	121 (59.9)	49 (36.8)	< 0.001
Reason
Patients wish*	32 (15.8)	71 (53.4)	< 0.001
SDMs wish*	53 (26.2)	18 (13.5)
Medical reason*	117 (57.9)	44 (33.1)
ICU mortality	86 (42.6)	35 (26.3)	0.003
In hospital mortality	152 (75.2)	76 (57.1)	0.001
Number of EOL talks (median [IQR])	2 [1, 5]	2 [0.5, 3]	0.001
Sex physician
Female	83 (41.1)	46 (34.6)	0.569

Data shown as n (%) unless otherwise stated. AD advance directive, LLST Limitation of Life Sustaining Treatments, ICU Intensive Care Unit, EOL End of Life, IQR Inter Quartile Range. Subgroups marked with * were significant in the post-hoc subgroup analysis

ISSN: 2052-0492