Table 3 LLST and AD characteristics depending on timing of LLST
From: Limitation of life sustaining measures in neurocritical care: sex, timing, and advance directive
Early LLST | Late LLST | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
118 (35.2) | 217 (64.8) | ||
Degree (withdraw vs. withhold) | |||
Withdraw | 36 (30.5) | 134 (61.8) | < 0.001 |
Reason | |||
Patients wish* | 66 (55.9) | 37 (17.1) | < 0.001 |
SDMs wish* | 13 (11.0) | 58 (26.7) | |
Medical reason* | 39 (33.1) | 122 (56.2) | |
ICU mortality | 27 (22.9) | 94 (43.3) | < 0.001 |
In hospital mortality | 48 (40.7) | 180 (82.9) | < 0.001 |
Advance directive | |||
Present | 64 (54.2) | 69 (31.8) | < 0.001 |
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation | |||
Allow | 4 (3.4) | 12 (5.5) | 0.013 |
Refuse | 44 (37.3) | 29 (13.4) | |
Intubation | |||
Allow | 4 (3.4) | 18 (8.3) | 0.001 |
Refuse | 32 (27.1) | 21 (9.7) | |
ICU care | |||
Allow | 5 (4.2) | 15 (6.9) | 0.020 |
Refuse | 17 (14.4) | 12 (5.5) | |
Artificial feeding | |||
Allow | 15 (12.7) | 14 (6.5) | 1.000 |
Refuse | 24 (20.3) | 22 (10.1) | |
LST | |||
Allow | 6 (5.1) | 16 (7.4) | 0.043 |
Refuse | 53 (44.9) | 51 (23.5) | |
Number of EOL talks (median [IQR]) | 1 [0, 2] | 3 [2, 5] | < 0.001 |
Sex physician | |||
Female | 36 (30.5) | 93 (42.9) | 0.314 |