Table 1 Risk scores for management of cardiogenic shock

IABP shock II risk score [68]

6 indices:

① Age > 73 years (1 pt)

② History of stroke (2 pt)

③ BS > 10.6 mmol/L (191 mg/dL) (1 pt)

④ Cre > 132.6 μmol/L (1.5 mg/dL) (1 pt)

⑤ Arterial lac > 5 mmol/L (2 pt)

⑥ TIMI flow grade < 3 after PCI (2 pt)

30-day mortality risk

 Low (0–2) (24%)

 Intermediate (3–4) (49%)

 High (5–9) (77%)

SAVE score [69]

7 indices:

① Etiology: myocarditis (3 pt), refractory VT/VF (2 pt), post heart/lung transplantation (3 pt), congenital heart disease (− 3 pt)

② Age : 18–38 yr (7 pt), 39–52 yr (4 pt), 53–62 yr (3 pt), ≥ 63yr (0 pt)

③ Weight : < 65kg (1 pt), 65–89 kg (2 pt), ≥ 90 kg (0 pt)

④ Cardiac: pre-ECMO cardiac arrest (− 2 pt), diastolic BP before ECMO ≥ 40 mmHg (3 pt), pulse pressure before ECMO ≤ 20 mmHg (− 2 pt)

⑤ Respiratory: peak inspiratory pressure ≤ 20 cmH₂O (3 pt), duration of intubation pre ECMO; ≤ 10 h (0 pt), 11–29 h (−2 pt), ≥ 30h (− 4 pt)

⑥ Renal dysfunction : acute renal failure (− 3 pt), chronic renal failure (− 6 pt), HCO₃ pre ECMO ≤ 15 mmol/L (− 3 pt)

⑦ Other organ failure: liver failure (− 3 pt), CNS dysfunction (− 3 pt)

In-hospital survival rate

 Risk I >5 (75%)

 Risk II 1 to 5  (58%)

 Risk III − 4 to 0  (42%)

 Risk IV − 9 to − 5  (30%)

 Risk V ≤ − 10 ( (18%)

ENCOURAGE mortality risk score [70]

7 indices:

① Age >60 (5 pt)

② Gender: female (7 pt)

③ BMI > 25 kg/m² (6 pt)

④ GCS < 6 (6 pt)

⑤ Cre >150 μmol/L or 1.7 mg/dL (5 pt)

⑥ Lac : < 2 mmol/L (0 pt), 2–8 mmol/L (8 pt), > 8 mmol/L (11 pt)

⑦ Reduced prothrombin activity < 50% (5 pt)

1 month survival rate

 0–12  (92%)

 13–18 (70%)

 19–22  (35%)

 23–27  (28%)

 ≥ 28  (17%)