Table 1 Patient characteristics (FAS)
|  |  | Remifentanil N = 92 | Fentanyl N = 90 | Total N = 182 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (y) | Mean ± SD | 68.5 ± 10.9 | 65.9 ± 13.2 | 67.2 ± 12.1 |
Gender | Male, n (%) | 69 (75.0%) | 72 (80.0%) | 141 (77.5%) |
BMI (kg/m2) | Mean ± SD | 21.54 ± 3.69 | 22.41 ± 3.86 | 21.97 ± 3.79 |
ICU | Internal medicine, n (%) | 10 (10.9%) | 15 (16.7%) | 25 (13.7%) |
| Â | Post-operation, n (%) | 82 (89.1%) | 75 (83.3%) | 157 (86.3%) |
ASA (post-operation patients) n (%) | I | 7 (8.5%) | 7 (9.3%) | 14 (8.9%) |
| Â | II | 62 (75.6%) | 48 (64.0%) | 110 (70.1%) |
| Â | III | 13 (15.9%) | 20 (26.7%) | 33 (21.0%) |
Duration of anesthesia (h) (post-operation patients) * | Mean ± SD | 10.95 ± 3.64 (82) | 10.73 ± 3.19 (75) | 10.85 ± 3.42 (157) |
Operation time (h) (post-operation patients) * | Mean ± SD | 9.52 ± 3.43 (82) | 9.26 ± 3.12 (75) | 9.40 ± 3.28 (157) |
Analgesia assessment | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Method | BPS, n (%) | 88 (95.7%) | 89 (98.9%) | 177 (97.3%) |
| Â | NRS, n (%) | 4 (4.3%) | 1 (1.1%) | 5 (2.7%) |
 BPS * | Mean ± SD | 3.6 ± 1.1 (88) | 3.5 ± 1.1 (89) | 3.6 ± 1.1 (177) |
 NRS * | Mean ± SD | 2.3 ± 3.2 (4) | 0.0 (1) | 1.8 ± 2.9 (5) |
Sedation assessment | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 RASS, n (%) | 0 | 31 (33.7%) | 24 (26.7%) | 55 (30.2%) |
|  | − 1 | 30 (32.6%) | 27 (30.0%) | 57 (31.3%) |
|  | − 2 | 31 (33.7%) | 38 (42.2%) | 69 (37.9%) |
|  | − 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | − 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | − 5 | 0 | 1 (1.1%) | 1 (0.5%) |