Prolonged use of neuromuscular blocking agents is associated with increased long-term mortality in mechanically ventilated medical ICU patients: a retrospective cohort study

Table 2 Cox regression for long-term mortality

Variables	Univariable		Multivariable
	HR (95% C.I.)	p value^a	HR (95% C.I.)	p value^b
Age, per 1 year increment	1.013 (1.01–1.015 0)	< 0.001	1.006 (1.002–1.009 )	0.001
Male gender	1.160 (1.072–1.255)	< 0.001	1.179(1.066–1.303)	0.001
BMI, per 1 decrement	0.965 (0.957–0.973)	< 0.001	0.966 (0.956–0.976)	< 0.001
CCI, per 1 increment	1.165 (1.150–1.181)	< 0.001	1.150 (1.131–1.170)	< 0.001
APACHE II, per 1 increment	1.064 (1.057–1.071)	< 0.001	1.023 (1.014–1.032)	< 0.001
Platelet, per 1 × 10³ decrement	0.996 (0.995–0.996)	< 0.001	0.997 (0.997–0.998)	< 0.001
Lactate, per 1 increment	1.02 (1.019–1.0220)	< 0.001	1.028 (1.025–1.030)	< 0.001
Etiology for ICU admission
Acute respiratory failure	1.201 (1.115–1.295)	< 0.001	1.048 (0.932–1.177)	0.434
Pneumonia	1.298 (1.163–1.448)	< 0.001	1.087 (0.941–1.256)	0.256
Sepsis (non-pneumonia)	1.289 (1.145–1.45)	< 0.001	0.999 (0.854–1.168)	0.988
Acute cardiac conditions	0.727 (0.572–0.923)	0.009	0.681 (0.415–1.116)	0.128
Acute neurological conditions	0.809 (0.707–0.926)	0.002	1.055 (0.880–1.265)	0.560
Ventilatory parameters
FIO₂ ≥ 50%	1.384 (1.282–1.493)	< 0.001	1.167 (1.050–1.297)	0.004
PEEP ≥ 8 cmH₂O	1.366 (1.267–1.472)	< 0.001	0.939 (0.839–1.051)	0.275
PaO2, per 10 decrement	0.999 (0.995–1.003)	0.677	0.998 (0.993–1.002)	0.320
Use of NMBAs
None	[Reference]		[Reference]
Use, equal or less than 48 h	1.092 (0.978–1.220)	0.118	0.962 (0.834–1.111)	0.602
Use, longer than 48 h	1.506 (1.336–1.697)	< 0.001	1.261 (1.070–1.486)	0.006

BMI body mass index, CCI Charlson Comorbidity Index, PaO2 partial pressure of arterial oxygen, NMBAs, neuromuscular blocking agents

ISSN: 2052-0492