Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients before and after the stabilised IPTW using propensity scores
Characteristics | All patients | Patients after IPTW estimation | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PMX group (n = 199) | % | mPSL alone group (n = 5417) | % | SMD | PMX group (n = 196) | % | mPSL alone group (n = 5435) | % | SMD | |
Male sex | 153 | 76.9 | 4014 | 74.1 | 6.5 | 154 | 78.6 | 4035 | 74.2 | 10.3 |
Age, years | ||||||||||
15–70 | 79 | 39.7 | 1398 | 25.8 | 29.9 | 51 | 26.0 | 1430 | 26.3 | − 0.8 |
71–80 | 85 | 42.7 | 2412 | 44.5 | − 3.7 | 81 | 41.1 | 2420 | 44.5 | − 6.9 |
≥ 80 | 35 | 17.6 | 1607 | 29.7 | − 28.7 | 64 | 32.9 | 1585 | 29.2 | 8.1 |
Treatment year | ||||||||||
2010–2012 | 69 | 34.7 | 1604 | 29.6 | 10.9 | 61 | 31.2 | 1616 | 29.7 | − 0.8 |
2013–2015 | 78 | 39.2 | 1924 | 35.5 | 7.6 | 68 | 34.5 | 1935 | 35.6 | 3.1 |
2016–2018 | 52 | 26.1 | 1889 | 34.9 | − 19.1 | 67 | 34.3 | 1884 | 34.7 | − 2.2 |
BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||||
< 23 | 69 | 34.7 | 2695 | 49.8 | − 30.9 | 94 | 48.2 | 2676 | 49.2 | − 2.1 |
≥ 23 | 98 | 49.2 | 2082 | 38.4 | 21.9 | 84 | 43.1 | 2111 | 38.8 | 8.6 |
Missing data | 32 | 16.1 | 640 | 11.8 | 12.3 | 17 | 8.7 | 648 | 11.9 | − 10.5 |
Hugh–Jones dyspnoea score upon admission | ||||||||||
1–4 | 41 | 20.6 | 1319 | 24.3 | − 9.0 | 63 | 32.2 | 1314 | 24.2 | 18.0 |
5 | 59 | 29.6 | 2532 | 46.7 | − 35.7 | 79 | 40.5 | 2500 | 46.0 | − 11.1 |
Missing data | 99 | 49.7 | 1566 | 28.9 | 43.7 | 53 | 27.2 | 1620 | 29.8 | − 5.7 |
Japan Coma Scale score upon admission | ||||||||||
0- or 1-digit (alert or dull) | 189 | 95.0 | 5105 | 94.2 | 3.3 | 174 | 88.8 | 5122 | 94.2 | − 19.4 |
2-digit (somnolence) | 7 | 3.5 | 152 | 2.8 | 4.1 | 16 | 8.1 | 155 | 2.9 | 19.8 |
3-digit (coma) | 3 | 1.5 | 160 | 3.0 | − 9.8 | 6 | 3.1 | 158 | 2.9 | 0.9 |
Charlson Comorbidity Index | ||||||||||
0 | 116 | 58.3 | 2761 | 51.0 | 14.7 | 102 | 51.8 | 2791 | 51.3 | 0.9 |
1 | 33 | 16.6 | 658 | 12.1 | 12.7 | 18 | 9.4 | 666 | 12.3 | − 9.2 |
2 | 36 | 18.1 | 1299 | 24.0 | − 14.5 | 54 | 27.4 | 1289 | 23.7 | 8.5 |
≥ 3 | 14 | 7.0 | 699 | 12.9 | − 19.7 | 22 | 11.4 | 689 | 12.7 | − 4.1 |
Smoking index, pack-years | ||||||||||
0 | 76 | 38.2 | 2376 | 43.9 | − 11.5 | 94 | 47.7 | 2374 | 43.7 | 8.1 |
1–39 | 40 | 20.1 | 1068 | 19.7 | 1.0 | 26 | 13.4 | 1070 | 19.7 | − 16.9 |
≥ 40 | 50 | 25.1 | 1264 | 23.3 | 4.2 | 50 | 25.7 | 1271 | 23.4 | 5.4 |
Missing data | 33 | 16.6 | 709 | 13.1 | 9.8 | 26 | 13.1 | 720 | 13.2 | − 0.3 |
ADL upon admission (Barthel Index) | ||||||||||
100 | 47 | 23.6 | 1051 | 19.4 | 10.3 | 46 | 23.5 | 1065 | 19.6 | 9.6 |
≤ 95 | 113 | 56.8 | 3327 | 61.4 | − 9.4 | 117 | 59.7 | 3329 | 61.3 | − 3.1 |
Missing data | 39 | 19.6 | 1039 | 19.2 | 1.1 | 33 | 16.7 | 1041 | 19.1 | − 6.4 |
History of previous hospitalisation | ||||||||||
0 | 116 | 58.3 | 3140 | 58.0 | 0.7 | 109 | 55.9 | 3156 | 58.1 | − 4.4 |
1–2 | 59 | 29.6 | 1645 | 30.4 | − 1.6 | 74 | 37.6 | 1647 | 30.3 | 15.5 |
≥ 3 | 24 | 12.1 | 632 | 11.7 | 1.2 | 13 | 6.5 | 632 | 11.6 | − 17.9 |
Academic hospital | 163 | 81.9 | 4475 | 82.6 | − 1.8 | 169 | 86.1 | 4493 | 82.7 | 9.1 |
ICU admission | 92 | 46.2 | 1414 | 26.1 | 42.8 | 41 | 20.9 | 1469 | 27.0 | − 13.0 |