Table 2 Characteristics and outcomes patients with trauma requiring massive transfusion

(n = 5247)

Hospital characteristics

 Tertiary emergency hospital, n (%)

4650 (88.6)

 Teaching hospital, n (%)

5237 (99.8)

Age, years, mean (SD)

56.9 (22.2)

Male, n (%)

3358 (64.0)

Body mass index at admission, kg/m², n (%)

 < 18.5

513 (9.8)

 18.5–24.9

2602 (49.6)

 25.0–29.9

787 (15.0)

 ≥ 30.0

176 (3.4)

 Missing

1169 (22.3)

Japan Coma Scale at admission, n (%)

 Alert

1065 (20.3)

 Confusion

1007 (19.2)

 Somnolence

818 (15.6)

 Coma

2357 (44.9)

Charlson comorbidity index, mean (SD)

0.2 (0.6)

Ambulance use, n (%)

4991 (95.1)

Injured region, n (%)

 Head

869 (16.6)

 Neck

102 (1.9)

 Thorax

944 (18.0)

 Abdomen and pelvis

2629 (50.1)

 Extremities

596 (11.4)

 Multiple

1260 (24.0)

ICD-10-based injury severity score, mean (SD)

2.6 (2.1)

Treatment within 2 days of admission, n (%)

 Intensive care unit admission

4012 (76.5)

 High-dependency care unit admission

1198 (22.8)

 Surgery with general anesthesia

3665 (69.8)

 Interventional radiology

2206 (42.0)

 Mechanical ventilation

4132 (78.7)

 Vasopressor administration

4622 (88.1)

Outcomes

 In-hospital mortality, n (%)

2073 (39.5)

 Adverse events, n (%)

1080 (20.6)

 Death in the emergency or operating room, n (%)

157 (3.0)

 Death within 24 h, n (%)

1032 (19.7)

 Duration of hospitalization, days, mean (SD)

48.8 (67.0)

 Hospitalization cost, 1000 yen, mean (SD)

5631 (4145)