Table 1 Characteristics of eligible studies
From: Association of body mass index with mortality of sepsis or septic shock: an updated meta-analysis
Author | Study design | Publish year | Region | Age | Study population | Sample size | Diagnosis of sepsis | BMI category, kg/m2 | Outcome | Adjusted covariates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wurzinger et al. [28] | Retrospective cohort study | 2010 | Austria |  ≥ 18 years | Patients with septic shock | 301 | Sepsis 2.0 | Underweight (< 18.5); normal weight (18.5–24.9, ref); overweight (25.0–29.9); obesity (≥ 30.0) | ICU mortality | Admission year, sex, age, presence of heart disease or chronic renal insufficiency, the number of pre-morbidities, origin of sepsis and the simplified acute physiology score II |
Pepper et al. [20] | Retrospective cohort study | 2019 | United States |  ≥ 20 years | Patients with sepsis | 55,038 | Sepsis 3.0 | Underweight (< 18.5); normal weight (18.5–24.9, ref); overweight (25.0–29.9); obesity Class-I (30.0–34.9); obesity Class-II (35.0–39.9); obesity Class-III (≥ 40.0) | Short-term mortality | Variables which are considered clinically relevant (details are NA) |
Tay-Lasso et al. [17] | Retrospective cohort study | 2022 | United States |  ≥ 18 years | Patients with severe sepsis after trauma | 1,246 | Sepsis 2.0 (sepsis + organ dysfunction, hypotension, or hypoperfusion to 1 or more organs) | Underweight (< 18.5); normal weight (18.5–24.9, ref); overweight (25.0–29.9); obesity (30.0–34.9); severe obesity (35.0–39.9); morbid obesity (≥ 40.0) | In-hospital mortality | Age, alcohol use, hypertension, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, injury severity score, respiratory rate, pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, intensive care unit days, Glasgow coma scale |
Kuperman et al. [26] | Retrospective cohort study | 2013 | United States |  ≥ 18 years | Patients with sepsis | 792 | NA | Underweight (< 18.5); normal weight (18.5–24.9, ref); overweight (25.0–29.9); obesity (30.0–39.9); morbid obesity (40.0–49.9) | In-hospital mortality | Age, race, gender, length of stay, comorbidities, APACHE II score |
Prescott et al. [24] | Retrospective cohort study | 2014 | United States | Older patients (> 50 years) | Patients with severe sepsis | 1,404 | Sepsis 2.0 | Normal weight (18.5–24.9, ref); overweight (25.0–29.9); obesity (30.0–34.9); morbid obesity (≥ 40.0) | In-hospital, 90-day, and 1-year mortality | Age, race, gender, marital status, wealth, acute organ dysfunctions, mechanical ventilation, comorbidities, baseline cognitive status, functional limitations |
Sakr et al. [16] | Prospective cohort study | 2008 | European multicenter |  ≥ 15 years | Patients with sepsis | 2,878 | Sepsis 1.0 | Underweight (< 18.5); normal weight (18.5–24.9, ref); overweight (25.0–29.9); obesity (30.0–39.9); morbid obesity (≥ 40.0) | In-hospital, 60-day mortality | Age, gender, comorbidities, SAPS II score and SOFA score, the type of admission, mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy |
Lin et al. [19] | Retrospective cohort study | 2020 | United States |  ≥ 18 years | Patients with sepsis | 7,967 | Sepsis 3.0 | Underweight (< 18.5); normal weight (18.5–24.9, ref); overweight (25.0–29.9); obesity (≥ 30.0) | 28-day mortality | Age, sex, SOFA, mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, comorbidities, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, depression |
Danninger et al. [18] | Retrospective cohort study | 2022 | United States | NA | Patients with sepsis | 16,612 | Diagnostic code in the eICU Collaborative Research database | Underweight (< 18.5); normal weight (18.5–24.9, ref); overweight (25.0–29.9); obesity (≥ 30.0) | ICU mortality | Age, sex, creatinine concentration, ethnics, heart rate, infection focus, lactate concentration, SOFA score, mechanical ventilation, vasopressor use |
Gaulton et al. [23] | Retrospective cohort study | 2014 | United States |  ≥ 18 years | Patients with severe sepsis | 1,191 | Sepsis 2.0 | Underweight (< 18.5); normal weight (18.5–24.9, ref); overweight (25.0–29.9); obesity (30.0–39.9); morbid obesity (≥ 40.0) | 28-day mortality | Age, APACHE II, intubation, oncology service, initiation of early goal directed therapy, creatinine clearance |
Gaulton et al. [25] | Retrospective cohort study | 2015 | United States |  ≥ 18 years | Patients with sepsis | 1,779 | Similar to sepsis 1.0* | Non-obesity (18.5–29.9); obesity (≥ 30.0) | 28-day mortality | Age, gender, race, year and hospital of admission, length of stay, drug use, positive blood cultures, severity, comorbidities |
Arabi et al. [27] | Retrospective cohort study | 2013 | Multicenter | Adult patients | Patients with septic shock | 2,882 | Sepsis 1.0 | Underweight (< 18.5); normal weight (18.5–24.9, ref); overweight (25.0–29.9); obesity (30.0–39.9); morbid obesity (≥ 40.0) | In-hospital mortality | Age, gender, mechanical ventilation, APACHE II score, chronic co-morbidities, infections, creatinine clearance |
Chae et al. [15] | Prospective cohort study | 2013 | Korea |  ≥ 18 years | Patients with severe sepsis or septic shock | 770 | Sepsis 1.0 | Underweight (< 18.5); normal weight (18.5–24.9, ref); obese (≥ 25.0) | In-hospital mortality | Age, gender, comorbidities, infection focus, SOFA score, serum lactate |
Li et al. [21] | Retrospective cohort study | 2019 | United States |  ≥ 18 years | Patients with sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock | 5,563 | Diagnostic code in the MIMIC-III database | Underweight (< 18.5); normal weight (18.5–24.9, ref); overweight (25.0–29.9); obesity (≥ 30.0) | 30-day, and 1-year mortality | Age, gender, race, marriage status, admission ICU type, MAP, SAPS II, SOFA, surgery |
Juarez et al. [22] | Retrospective cohort study | 2019 | United States | 18–89 years | Patients with sepsis or septic shock | 312 | Sepsis 3.0 | Underweight (< 18.5); normal weight (18.5–24.9, ref); overweight (25.0–29.9); obesity Class-I (30.0–34.9); obesity Class-II (35.0–39.9); obesity Class-III (≥ 40.0) | In-hospital mortality | Age, gender, comorbidities, APACHE II |
Yeo et al. [14] | Prospective cohort study | 2023 | Korea |  ≥ 18 years | Patients with sepsis | 6424 | Sepsis 3.0 | Underweight (< 18.5); normal weight (18.5–24.9, ref); overweight (25.0–29.9); obesity (≥ 30.0) | In-hospital mortality | Age, sex, comorbidities, SOFA score, presence of septic shock, site of infection, type of infection |