30-day mortality | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of events/number of patients (%)e | ||||||
Overall | ICU | HDU | Adjusted HR | 95% CI | P value | |
Subgroup analysis | ||||||
Age, years | 0.71§ | |||||
< 65 | 399/2149 (18.5) | 282/1479 (19.0) | 117/670 (17.4) | 0.92a | 0.74–1.13 | 0.440 |
65–74 | 607/2657 (22.8) | 376/1679 (22.3) | 231/978 (23.6) | 0.83a | 0.71–0.98 | 0.029 |
75–84 | 889/3679 (24.1) | 540/2213 (24.4) | 349/1466 (23.8) | 0.93a | 0.82–1.06 | 0.33 |
≥ 85 | 707/2333 (30.3) | 378/1213 (31.1) | 329/1120 (29.3) | 0.92a | 0.79–1.06 | 0.27 |
Procedures | ||||||
Mechanical ventilation | 1266/4049 (31.2) | 896/2986 (30.0) | 370/1063 (34.8) | 0.95b | 0.85–1.07 | 0.44 |
CRRT | 500/1691 (29.5) | 403/1351 (29.8) | 97/340 (28.5) | 1.08b | 0.89–1.33 | 0.44 |
PMX | 257/1025 (25.0) | 180/746 (24.1) | 77/279 (27.6) | 0.91b | 0.7–1.19 | 0.52 |
VA-ECMO/IABP | 67/200 (33.5) | 51/172 (29.6) | 16/28 (57.1) | 0.35b | 0.17–0.69 | 0.002 |
Source of infection | ||||||
Respiratory disease | 442/1635 (27.0) | 239/971 (24.6) | 203/664 (30.5) | 0.86b | 0.71–1.03 | 0.1 |
Urinary tract disease | 102/1136 (8.9) | 50/526 (9.5) | 52/610 (8.5) | 1.06b | 0.72–1.57 | 0.75 |
Gastrointestinal disease | 379/1739 (21.7) | 278/1293 (21.5) | 101/446 (22.6) | 1.10b | 0.88–1.36 | 0.38 |
Hepatobiliary disease | 128/848 (15.0) | 61/451 (13.5) | 67/397 (16.8) | 0.68b | 0.47–0.99 | 0.046 |
Skin/soft tissue | 34/174 (19.5) | 26/123 (21.1) | 8/51 (15.6) | 1.63b | 0.72–3.71 | 0.23 |
Sensitivity analysis | ||||||
(a) population which include the patients who met the exclusion criteria | 2859/11699 (24.4) | 1759/7218 (24.3) | 1100/4481 (24.5) | 0.9c | 0.84–0.97 | 0.008 |
(b) ICD-9 codes from the previous study supplemented with the corresponding ICD-10 codes | 3204/13816 (23.1) | 1965/8448 (23.2) | 1239/5368 (23.0) | 0.92c | 0.86–0.98 | 0.02 |
(c) Hospital with ICUs and HDUs | 1997/8311 (24.0) | 1395/5798 (24.0) | 602/2513 (23.9) | 0.86c | 0.78–0.95 | 0.002 |
(d) 14-day mortality | 1800/10818 (16.6) | 1068/6584 (16.2) | 732/4234 (17.2) | 0.88c | 0.82–0.95 | 0.002 |
(e) In-hospital mortality | 3308/10818 (30.5) | 2041/6584 (31.0) | 1267/4234 (29.9) | 0.89c | 0.83–0.96 | 0.005 |
(f) changing the definition of exposure and comparisond | ||||||
(1) | 892/3539 (25.2) | 167/671 (24.8) | 725/2868 (25.2) | 1.02a | 0.86–1.21 | 0.78 |
(2) | 589/2407 (24.4) | 167/671 (24.8) | 422/1736 (24.3) | 0.86a | 0.71–1.04 | 0.14 |
(3) | 1147/4604 (24.9) | 725/2868 (25.2) | 422/1736 (24.3) | 0.88a | 0.77–1.00 | 0.052 |
(g) propensity score-matched population | ||||||
(1) caliper width of 0.1 of SD | 1598/6788 (23.5) | 746/3394 (21.9) | 852/3394 (25.1) | 0.89 | 0.82–0.97 | 0.013 |
(2) caliper width of 0.2 of SD | 1765/7432 (23.7) | 840/3716 (22.6) | 925/3716 (24.8) | 0.91 | 0.84–0.99 | 0.03 |