Table 1 Characteristics of enrolled critically ill surgical patients categorised by overall mortality
All | Non-survivors | Survivors | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(N = 6748) | (N = 2196) | (N = 4552) | ||
Basic characteristics | ||||
Age, years | 60.9 ± 15.9 | 66.4 ± 15.3 | 58.3 ± 15.5 | < 0.01 |
Sex (male) | 4334 (64.2%) | 1519 (69.2%) | 2815 (61.8%) | < 0.01 |
Body mass index | 24.6 ± 4.5 | 23.8 ± 4.5 | 25.1 ± 4.5 | < 0.01 |
Charlson comorbidity index | 1.6 ± 1.4 | 2.3 ± 1.4 | 1.3 ± 1.2 | < 0.01 |
Follow-up duration, years | 1.8 ± 1.4 | 0.7 ± 0.9 | 2.3 ± 1.3 | < 0.01 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Diabetes mellitus | 1580 (23.4%) | 603 (27.5%) | 977 (21.5%) | < 0.01 |
Congestive heart failure | 513 (7.6%) | 202 (9.2%) | 311(6.8%) | < 0.01 |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 182 (2.7%) | 96 (4.4%) | 86 (1.9%) | < 0.01 |
Moderate or severe liver disease | 184 (2.7%) | 98 (4.46%) | 86 (1.9%) | < 0.01 |
End-stage renal disease | 63 (1.0%) | 32 (1.5%) | 31 (0.7%) | < 0.01 |
Malignancy | 1274 (18.9%) | 718 (32.7%) | 556 (12.2%) | < 0.01 |
Presence of metastatic tumour | 237 (3.5%) | 181 (8.2%) | 56 (1.2%) | < 0.01 |
Divisions | < 0.01 | |||
Neurosurgery | 3328 (49.3%) | 839 (38.2%) | 2489 (54.7%) | |
Cardiovascular surgery | 1376 (20.4%) | 262 (11.9%) | 1114 (24.5%) | |
Major abdomen surgery | 840 (12.4%) | 465 (21.2%) | 375 (8.2%) | |
Chest surgery | 472 (7.0%) | 235 (10.7%) | 237 (5.2%) | |
Urological surgery | 165 (2.4%) | 107 (4.9%) | 58 (1.3%) | |
Otorhinolaryngology | 200 (3.0%) | 130 (5.9%) | 70 (1.5%) | |
Plastic surgery | 95 (1.4%) | 45 (2.1%) | 50 (1.1%) | |
Other divisions | 272 (4.0%) | 113 (5.2%) | 159 (3.5%) | |
Severity and managements | ||||
APACHE II score | 20.4 ± 6.4 | 23.2 ± 6.6 | 19.0 ± 5.9 | < 0.01 |
Presence of shock | 1975 (29.3%) | 892 (40.6%) | 1083 (23.8%) | < 0.01 |
Receiving surgery during admission | 4818 (71.4%) | 1364 (62.1%) | 3454 (75.9%) | < 0.01 |
Emergent surgery | 994 (14.7%) | 332 (15.1%) | 662 (14.5%) | 0.53 |
Receiving mechanical ventilation | 2256 (33.4%) | 1074 (48.9%) | 1182 (26.0%) | < 0.01 |
Renal replacement therapy | 340 (5.0%) | 253 (11.5%) | 87 (1.9%) | < 0.01 |
Fluid balance, days 1–3, mL | 1142.0 ± 2672.7 | 1601.4 ± 3312.8 | 920.3 ± 2268.5 | < 0.01 |
Microbiologic data | ||||
Presence of positive cultures | 2122 (31.4%) | 1110 (50.6%) | 1012 (22.2%) | < 0.01 |
Culture sites | ||||
Blood | 417 (6.2%) | 283 (12.9%) | 134 (2.9%) | < 0.01 |
Respiratory tract | 1702 (25.2%) | 900 (41.0%) | 802 (17.6%) | < 0.01 |
Urinary tract | 554 (8.2%) | 341 (15.5%) | 213 (4.7%) | < 0.01 |
Skin and soft tissue site | 194 (2.9%) | 123 (5.6%) | 71 (1.6%) | < 0.01 |
Abdomen | 139 (2.1%) | 95 (4.3%) | 44 (1.0%) | < 0.01 |
Other sites | 349 (5.2%) | 210 (9.6%) | 139 (3.1%) | < 0.01 |
Outcomes | ||||
ICU-stay, days | 8.7 ± 11.4 | 12.2 ± 15.4 | 7.1 ± 8.4 | < 0.01 |
Hospital-stay, days | 22.4 ± 24.3 | 29.5 ± 33.2 | 19.0 ± 17.6 | < 0.01 |
Ventilator-day | 7.9 ± 12.2 | 12.3 ± 15.4 | 5.5 ± 9.1 | < 0.01 |
Mortality at distinct timepoints | < 0.01 | |||
In-hospital mortality | 705 (10.4%) | 705 (10.4%) | NA | NA |
90-day mortality | 1088 (16.1%) | 1088 (16.1%) | NA | NA |
1-year mortality | 1648 (24.4%) | 1648 (24.4%) | NA | NA |