Variables | All (N = 83) | CG (N = 43) | Ketamine (N = 40) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical outcomes | ||||
 Liberation from MV within 28 days post-intubation, N (%) | 52 (62.7) | 27 (62.8) | 25 (62.5) | 1 |
 28-day duration of MV, days | 5 (2–9) | 5 (2–8) | 7 (3–9.25) | 0.15 |
 Duration of MV at ICU discharge/death, days | 8 (3–18.5) | 7 (3–13.8) | 9 (3–19) | 0.32 |
 Ventilation-free days, daysa | 19 (0–24) | 19 (0–24) | 19 (0–24.75) | 0.70 |
 Patients at goal RASS at 24 h, N (%)b | 49 (59.8) | 22 (52.4) | 27 (67.5) | 0.24 |
 Patients at goal RASS at 48 h, N (%)c | 51 (69.9) | 26 (66.7) | 25 (73.5) | 0.70 |
 Patients at goal pain score at 24 h, N (%)d | 80 (96.39) | 41 (95.35) | 39 (97.5) | 1 |
 Patients at goal pain score at 48 h, N (%)d | 79 (95.2) | 41 (95.3) | 38 (95) | 1 |
 Discharge from ICU, N (%) | 76 (91.6) | 40 (93) | 36 (90) | 0.71 |
 ICU length-of-stay, days | 12 (6–22.5) | 12 (5.5–23) | 12.5 (6–21.2) | 0.89 |
 Hospital discharge, N (%) | 79 (95.2) | 41 (95.3) | 38 (95) | 1 |
 Hospital length-of-stay, days | 26 (13–39) | 27 (12.5–47) | 26 (15.8–38) | 0.87 |
Safety outcomes | ||||
 CAM-ICU positive, N (%)e | 2 (2.41) | 0 (0) | 2 (5) | 0.30 |
 Patients who did not complete 48 h of trial, N (%) | 20 (24.1) | 5 (11.63) | 15 (37.5) | 0.01 |
 Hemodynamics | ||||
  HR at 24 h | 92 (75.5–107) | 95 (80–107) | 83.5 (71.8–105) | 0.11 |
  HR at 48 h | 84 (72–100) | 89 (75–104) | 82 (71–99) | 0.31 |
  MAP at 24 h | 75 (64.5–87) | 75 (62.5–86.5) | 74.5 (69.5–91.5) | 0.31 |
  MAP at 48 h | 77 (65–90) | 76 (67.5–87) | 77.5 (64–92.5) | 0.50 |
 Uncontrolled agitation, N (%) | 10 (12.05) | 4 (9.3) | 6 (15) | 0.51 |
 Combative behavior to the nursing staff, N (%) | 2 (2.41) | 1 (2.33) | 1 (2.5) | 1 |
 Hyper-salivation and frequent suctioning, N (%) | 22 (26.5) | 14 (32.6) | 8 (20) | 0.29 |
 Antipsychotics within 48 h post-randomization, N (%) | 7 (8.43) | 4 (9.3) | 3 (7.5) | 1 |
 Use of physical restraint 48 h post-randomization, N (%) | 22 (26.5) | 10 (23.3) | 12 (30) | 0.66 |
 28-day mortality rate, N (%) | 25 (30.1) | 14 (32.6) | 11 (27.5) | 0.79 |