Table 1 Study populations, protocols, and characteristics
Author, year | Sample size n | Protocols | Baseline characteristics | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intervention setting | Control setting | Outcomes | The main causes of acute respiratory failure | Age, years | PaO2:FIO2 | ||
Bersten 1991 [51] | 40 | NPPV | COT | 1. Mortality (in-hospital) 2. Intubation | CPE (CHF [56.4%]) | NPPV: 76 (6) COT: 75 (6) | NPPV: 138 (32) COT: 136 (44) |
Wysocki 1995 [36] | 41 | NPPV | COT | 1. Mortality (in-ICU) 2.Intubation | AHRF (CHF [30%]) | NPPV: 64 (18) COT: 62 (11) | NPPV: 191 (94) COT: 170 (77) |
Antonelli 2000 [49] | 40 | NPPV | COT | 1. Mortality (in-ICU) 2. Intubation | ARDS (patients who underwent solid organ transplantation [100%]) | NPPV: 45 (19) COT: 44 (10) | NPPV: 142 (29) COT: 149 (22) |
Delclaux 2000 [56] | 123 | NPPV | COT | 1. Mortality (in-ICU, in-hospital) 2. Intubation | CPE (infection [49.6%]) | NPPV: 56 [19–85]a COT: 60 [18–88]a | NPPV: 140 [59–288]a COT: 148 [62–283]a |
Masip 2000 [39] | 37 | NPPV | COT | 1. Intubation | CPE (myocardial infarction [29.7%]) | NPPV: 75 (11) COT: 79 (5) | NA |
Hilbert 2001 [46] | 52 | NPPV | COT | 1. Mortality (in-ICU, in-hospital) 2. Intubation | CAP (immunocompromised patients [100%]) | NPPV: 48 (14) COT: 50 (12) | NPPV: 141 (24) COT: 136 (23) |
Levitt 2001 [41] | 38 | NPPV | COT | 1. Intubation | CHF | NPPV: 67 (15) COT: 69 (15) | NA |
Ferrer 2003 [54] | 105 | NPPV | COT | 1. Mortality (in-ICU, 90 days) 2. Intubation | AHRF (Pneumonia [32.4%]) | NPPV: 61 (17) COT: 62 (18) | NPPV: 102 (21) COT: 103 (23) |
L’Her 2004 [44] | 89 | NPPV | COT | 1. Mortality (48 h, in-hospital) | CPE (respiratory tract infection [33.7%]) | NPPV: 84 (6) COT: 84 (6) | NPPV: 157 (71) COT: 167 (73) |
Park 2004 [38] | 80 | NPPV | COT | 1. Mortality (in-hospital, 15 days, 60 days) 2. Intubation | CPE (myocardial ischemia [37.5%]) | NPPV: 64 (15) COT: 65 (15) | NA |
Gray 2008 [53] | 1069 | NPPV | COT | 1. Mortality (7 days, 30 days) 2. Intubation | CPE (ischemic heart disease [17.6%]) | NPPV: 77 (10) COT: 79 (9) | NA |
Cosentini 2010 [55] | 47 | NPPV | COT | 1. Mortality (in-hospital) 2. Intubation | CAP [100%] | NPPV: 65 (17) COT: 72 (13) | NPPV: 249 (25) COT: 246 (20) |
Qingyuan 2012 [35] | 40 | NPPV | COT | 1.Moratlity (in-ICU, in-hospital) 2. Intubation | ALI (immunocompromised patients [30%]) | NPPV: 44 (14) COT: 49 (14) | NPPV: 225 (17) COT: 234 (27) |
Elena 2013 [37] | 80 | NPPV | COT | 1. Intubation | AHRF (pneumonia [100%]) | NA | NA |
Brambilla 2014 [52] | 81 | NPPV | COT | 1. Intubation | Pneumonia [100%] | NPPV: 65 (16) COT: 70 (16) | NPPV: 134 (32) COT: 148 (44) |
Azevedo 2015 [47] | 30 | NPPV | HFNC | 1. Intubation | AHRF (CHF [43%]) | NA | NA |
Frat 2015 [9] | 313 | NPPV/HFNC | COT | 1. Mortality (in-ICU, 90 days) 2. Intubation | AHRF (CAP [62.9%]) | NPPV: 61 (17) HFNC: 61 (16) COT: 59 (17) | NPPV: 149 (72) HFNC: 157 (89) COT: 161 (73) |
Lemiale 2015 (1) [43] | 374 | NPPV | COT | 1. Mortality (28 days) 2. Intubation | Pneumonia (immunocompromised patients [100%]) | NPPV: 61 [52–70]a COT: 64 [53–72]a | NPPV: 156 [95–248]a COT: 130 [86–205]a |
Lemiale 2015 (2) [42] | 100 | HFNC | COT | 1. Intubation | AHRF (immunocompromised patients [100%]) | HFNC: 59 [43–70]a COT: 65 [53–72]a | NA |
Frat 2016 [58] | 86 | NPPV/HFNC | COT | 1. Mortality (in-ICU, 90 days) 2. Intubation | AHRF (immunocompromised patients [100%]) | Total: 62 [48–74] | Total: 148 (58) |
Jones 2016 [45] | 303 | HFNC | COT | 1. Mortality (in-hospital) 2. Intubation | AHRF (COPD [23.9%]) | HFNC: 75 (16) COT: 72 (17) | NA |
Makdee 2017 [40] | 128 | HFNC | COT | 1. Mortality (7 days) 2. Intubation | CPE | HFNC: 70 (16) COT: 71 (14) | NA |
Azoulay 2018 [50] | 778 | HFNC | COT | 1. Mortality (28 days) 2. Intubation | AHRF (immunocompromised patients [100%]) | HFNC: 64 [55–70]a COT: 63 [56–71]a | HFNC: 136 [96–187]a COT: 128 [92–164]a |
Doshi 2018 [57] | 228 | NPPV | HFNC | 1. Intubation | AHRF (COPD exacerbation [26.0%]) | NPPV: 63 (15) HFNC: 63 (14) | NA |
Eman 2018 [48] | 70 | NPPV | HFNC | 1. Mortality (in-hospital) 2. Intubation | AHRF (interstitial lung disease [100%]) | NPPV: 61 (12) HFNC: 61 (12) | NPPV: 166 (42) HFNC: 178 (55) |
Hangyong 2019 [59] | 200 | NPPV | COT | 1. Mortality (in-hospital) 2. Intubation | AHRF (pneumonia [100%]) | NPPV: 53 (18) COT: 56 (18) | NPPV: 232 (35) COT: 231 (28) |
Andino 2020 [60] | 46 | HFNC | COT | 1. Mortality (in-hospital) 2. Intubation | AHRF (pneumonia [62%]) | HFNC: 58 (19) COT: 61 (11) | HFNC: 96 (29) COT: 95 (37) |