Table 1 Patient characteristics
Early (n = 1802) | Delayed (n = 271) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Patient characteristics | |||
Age, year | 78.5 ± 11.1 | 77.5 ± 13.1 | 0.23 |
Sex, female % | 57.1 | 55.7 | 0.67 |
Past medical history | |||
Coronary artery disease, % | 40.4 | 28.8 | < 0.001 |
Hypertension, % | 64.3 | 60.9 | 0.27 |
Diabetes mellitus, % | 38.1 | 39.5 | 0.67 |
Dyslipidemia, % | 28.9 | 26.9 | 0.51 |
Atrial fibrillation, % | 35.8 | 45.1 | 0.003 |
Dialysis, % | 5.8 | 2.6 | 0.03 |
Cerebrovascular disease, % | 11.3 | 10.3 | 0.65 |
Primary etiology of heart failure | |||
Ischemic heart disease, % | 28.2 | 24.4 | 0.19 |
Hypertensive heart disease, % | 17.9 | 11.1 | 0.005 |
Arrhythmia, % | 6.3 | 8.5 | 0.17 |
Cardiomyopathy, % | 10.6 | 11.8 | 0.55 |
Valvular heart disease,% | 20.3 | 23.2 | 0.27 |
Others, % | 16.8 | 21.0 | 0.08 |
Laboratory data at admission | |||
Hb, mg/dl | 11.6 ± 2.3 | 11.4 ± 2.2 | 0.09 |
BNP, pg/ml | 800 (458 to 1475) | 800 (428 to 1412) | 0.14 |
Cr, mg/dl | 1.26 (0.90 to 1.91) | 1.26 (0.92 to 1.76) | 0.14 |
Echocardiographic findings | |||
LVEF, % | 42.0 ± 15.9 | 42.4 ± 16.8 | 0.74 |
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, % | 33.1 | 36.2 | 0.27 |
Heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction, % | 21.5 | 17.3 | |
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, % | 45.4 | 46.5 | |
Vital signs at admission | |||
Heart rate, bpm | 98.6 ± 26.3 | 91.8 ± 24.4 | < 0.001 |
Respiration rate, times/m | 23.2 ± 9.7 | 20.4 ± 8.4 | < 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 150.4 ± 37.4 | 138.3 ± 33.3 | < 0.001 |
Percutaneous saturation of oxygen | 93.3 ± 10.8 | 94.1 ± 12.9 | 0.25 |