From: The use of automated pupillometry to assess cerebral autoregulation: a retrospective study
All (n = 92) | Septic (n = 52) | Non-septic (n = 40) | p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 62 [58–67] | 62 [54–70] | 62 [60–65] | 0.10 |
Male sex, % | 68.5 | 71.2 | 65 | 0.53 |
APACHE II score | 19 [11–28] | 22 [16–28] | 7 [1–13] | < 0.001 |
ICU LOS, days | 5 [3–8] | 6 [3–8] | 5 [2–7] | 0.47 |
Alive at ICU discharge, % | 91.2 | 86.5 | 97.4 | 0.07 |
Comorbidities | ||||
CKD, % | 19.6 | 28.8 | 7.5 | 0.01 |
Arteriopathy, % | 30.4 | 38.5 | 20 | 0.06 |
CHF, % | 16.3 | 7.7 | 27.5 | 0.01 |
COPD, % | 15.2 | 15.4 | 15 | 0.96 |
Liver disease, % | 30.4 | 32.7 | 27.5 | 0.59 |
Diabetes mellitus, % | 37 | 32.7 | 42.5 | 0.33 |
Chronic anemia, % | 14.1 | 19.2 | 7.5 | 0.11 |
Smoking, % | 16.3 | 17.3 | 15 | 0.77 |
Alcohol consumer, % | 22.8 | 26.9 | 17.5 | 0.29 |
Obesity, % | 18.5 | 26.9 | 7.5 | 0.02 |
Encephalopathy, % | 28.3 | 36.5 | 17.5 | 0.04 |
At time of assessment | ||||
Sedation, % | 20.7 | 21.2 | 20 | 0.89 |
Analgesia, % | 47.8 | 46.2 | 50 | 0.71 |
NMBA, % | 3.3 | 5.8 | 0 | 0.12 |
Mechanical ventilation, % | 34.8 | 36.5 | 32.5 | 0.69 |
Antihypertensives, % | 32.6 | 21.2 | 47.5 | 0.01 |
Norepinephrine, μg/min | 24.4 [14.1–34.6] | 29.1 [0.1–58.1] | 2.6 [−0.4–5.6] | < 0.001 |
Dobutamine, % | 10.9 | 11.5 | 10 | 0.81 |
MAP, mmHg | 77 [71–84] | 77 [71–83] | 80 [70–89] | 0.83 |
Heart rate, beats/min | 95 [82–109] | 96 [82–110] | 93 [75–111] | 0.03 |
Temperature, °C | 37 [36.6–37.6] | 37.1 [36.7–37.4] | 37.4 [36.9–37.9] | 0.78 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 9.9 [8.3–11.4] | 9.8 [8–11.5] | 10.5 [9.3–11.8] | 1.00 |
Hematocrit, % | 29.3 [24.2–34.5] | 29 [23.5–34.5] | 31 [27.2–34.9] | 0.86 |
C-reactive protein, mg/L | 215 [116–314] | 234 [139–329] | 127 [2–252] | < 0.001 |
Sodium, mmol/L | 136.6 [134.7–138.5] | 136.8 [134.3–139.3] | 135.6 [134.6–136.6] | 0.34 |
PEEP, cmH2O | 5 [1–9] | 5 [0.17–10] | 2 [−0.5–5] | 0.21 |
FiO2, % | 39 [29–49] | 39 [29–49] | 35 [26–45] | 0.72 |
pH | 7.40 [7.35–7.46] | 7.40 [7.34–7.45] | 7.42 [7.35–7.49] | 0.77 |
PaCO2, mmHg | 37 [32–42] | 37 [32–43] | 37 [31–43] | 0.02 |
PaO2, mmHg | 89 [72–106] | 87 [68–105] | 98 [84–113] | 0.28 |
P/F | 264 [177–351] | 253 [164–342] | 315 [185–444] | 0.72 |
Lactates | 1.84 [1.19–2.49] | 1.82 [1.22–2.42] | 1.94 [1.19–2.69] | 0.19 |
Mxa | 0.33 [0.09–0.57] | 0.33 [0.08–0.58] | 0.31 [0.04–0.59] | 0.77 |
Altered CAR, % | 55.4 | 53.8 | 57.5 | 0.73 |
NPi | 4.33 [3.98–4.69] | 4.36 [3.98–4.73] | 4.22 [3.75–4.7] | 0.59 |
Pupil size, mm | 3.67 [2.69–4.65] | 3.56 [2.68–4.45] | 3.81 [2.77–4.85] | 0.32 |
Pupil constriction, % | 32.52 [25.57–39.47] | 32.20 [25.25–39.15] | 32.93 [26.48–39.38] | 0.84 |
Constriction velocity, mm/s | 3.61 [3.07–4.15] | 2.01 [1.47–2.55] | 5.69 [5.14–6.25] | 0.91 |
Latency, ms | 0.24 [0.21–0.26] | 0.24 [0.21–0.26] | 0.24 [0.22–0.27] | 0.22 |
Primary site of infection, % | ||||
Abdominal | 28.3 | 48.1 | 2.5 | < 0.001 |
Respiratory | 19.6 | 21.2 | 17.5 | 0.45 |
Urinary tract | 6.5 | 11.5 | 0 | 0.03 |
Soft tissue | 6.5 | 9.6 | 2.5 | 0.17 |
Blood/CVC | 1.1 | 1.9 | 0 | 0.38 |
Unknown | 2.2 | 3.8 | 0 | 0.21 |
Pathogen, % | ||||
Bacterial | 45.7 | 65.4 | 20 | < 0.001 |
GNB | 33.7 | 50 | 12.5 | < 0.001 |
GPC | 13 | 17.3 | 7.5 | 0.07 |
Fungus | 5.4 | 5.8 | 5 | 0.87 |
Virus | 4.3 | 3.8 | 5 | 0.79 |
Unknown bug | 14.1 | 23.1 | 2.5 | 0.03 |
Other bug | 1.1 | 1.9 | 0 | 0.38 |