Table 3 Comparison of laboratory value and imaging characteristics between COVID-19 patients with normal and elevated D-dimers
From: D-dimer as a biomarker for disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients: a case control study
Normal D-dimer, n = 63 | Elevated D-dimer, n = 185 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
D-dimer (mg/L) | 0.35 (0.23–0.42) | 1.69 (0.91–5.06) | 0.000 |
PaO2 (mm Hg) | 71.63 ± 14.81 | 67.37 ± 14.48 | 0.147 |
PaCO2 (mm Hg) | 42.5 ± 8.38 | 40.13 ± 7.07 | 0.112 |
White blood cell count (× 109/L) | 4.99 ± 2.44 | 6.71 ± 3.13 | 0.000 |
Lymphocyte count (× 109/L) | 1.3 ± 0.59 | 1.03 ± 0.60 | 0.002 |
Neutrophil count (× 109/L) | 3.12 ± 2.17 | 5.11 ± 3.13 | 0.000 |
Hemoglobin (g/L) | 128.7 ± 13.3 | 122.6 ± 16.8 | 0.010 |
Platelet count (109/L) | 221.9 ± 82.9 | 232.9 ± 92.6 | 0.405 |
CD4 (cells/mm3) | 337 (165.5–560.5) | 263 (109.0–429.5) | 0.326 |
CD8 (cells/mm3) | 229 (92–367) | 123 (48.25–226.25) | 0.122 |
C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 8.5 (5–35.85) | 48.4 (10.98–92.25) | 0.000 |
Procalcitonin (ng/mL) | 0.05 (0.03–0.08) | 0.08 (0.04–0.18) | 0.000 |
Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 10.0 (6.7–13.0) | 11.7 (8.6–15.5) | 0.050 |
Combined bilirubin (μmol/L) | 3.4 (2.6–5.0) | 4.3 (3.3–6.1) | 0.030 |
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 21.0 (13.0–39.0) | 28.5 (19.0–55.3) | 0.001 |
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 24.0 (17.0–34.5) | 33.5 (21.0–49.0) | 0.001 |
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 60.4 ± 17.0 | 77.7 ± 40.3 | 0.000 |
Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (U/L) | 30.0 (13.5–47.0) | 33.5(23.0–68.3) | 0.001 |
Lactate dehydrogenase (IU/L) | 250.41 ± 90.4 | 356.11 ± 185.28 | 0.000 |
Serum creatinine (mmol/L) | 64.0 (54.0–77.0) | 64 (52.0–74.0) | 0.715 |
eGFR (ml/[min*1.73m2]) | 97.15 ± 13.99 | 88.64 ± 24.94 | 0.001 |
Blood glucose (mmol/L) | 6.49 ± 3.34 | 7.12 ± 3.94 | 0.257 |
Creatine kinase (U/L) | 75.0 (50–132.5) | 58.5 (33–87.5) | 0.057 |
Prothrombin time (s) | 11.7 (11.3–12.3) | 12.0 (11.6–12.7) | 0.005 |
Activated partial thromboplastin time (s) | 28.2 (26.4–31.15) | 27.3 (25.45–29.85) | 0.016 |
Fibrinogen (g/L) | 4.03 ± 1.33 | 4.80 ± 1.57 | 0.001 |
Cardiac troponin I (μg/L) | 0.01 (0.01–0.01) | 0.01 (0.01–0.02) | 0.000 |
B-type natriuretic peptide (pg/mL) | 44.45 (18.15–147.6) | 222.25 (87.69–461.83) | 0.000 |
Area of affected lung on Chest CT, n (%) | 0.000 | ||
≤ 30% | 37 (58.7) | 51 (27.6) | |
31–50% | 16 (25.4) | 61 (33.0) | |
≥ 50% | 10 (15.9) | 73 (39.4) | |
Predominant feature on Chest CT, n (%) | 0.287 | ||
Ground glass opacities | 40 (63.5) | 94 (50.8) | |
Patchy consolidations | 12 (19.1) | 41 (22.2) | |
Fibrous stripes | 4 (6.3) | 25 (13.5) | |
Irregular solid nodules | 7 (11.1) | 25 (13.5) | |
Pericardial effusion, n (%) | 1 (1.6) | 4 (2.2) | 0.800 |