Causes | |
 1. Overdose of hyperosmotic drug (sorbitol, etc.) | |
 2. Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics | |
 3. Pseudomembranous enteritis due to Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile | |
 4. Intestinal infections (MRSA enteritis, CMV enteritis, etc.) | |
 5. Inflammatory bowel diseases | |
 6. Intestinal graft-versus-host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation | |
 7. Use of anticancer agents | |
Risk factors | |
 1. Fever or hypothermia | |
 2. Presence of infections | |
 3. Malnutrition or hypoalbuminemia | |
 4. Sepsis or multiple organ failure | |
 5. Open-feed container | |
 6. Previous total parenteral nutrition |